Publikationsdatenbank

Niebauer, Josef;Müller, Edith E;Schönfelder, Martin;Schwarzl, Christoph;Mayr, Barbara;Stöggl, Julia;Stöggl, Thomas. (2020). Acute Effects of Winter Sports and Indoor Cycling on Arterial Stiffness. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 19(3):460-468.

Abstract

Sorry no Abstract available!

Wiesinger, H. P.;Gressenbauer, C.;Kosters, A.;Scharinger, M.;Muller, E.. (2019). Device and method matter: A critical evaluation of eccentric hamstring muscle strength assessments. Scand J Med Sci Sports. ():.

Abstract

Equivocal findings exist on isokinetic and Nordic hamstring exercise testing of eccentric hamstring strength capacity. Here, we propose a critical comparison of the mechanical output of hamstring muscles as assessed with either a dynamometer (IKD) or a Nordic hamstring device (NHD). Twenty-five volunteers (26 +/- 3 years) took part in a counterbalanced repeated-measures protocol on both devices. Eccentric peak torque, work, angle of peak torque, bilateral strength ratios, and electromyography activity of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus and gastrocnemius muscles were assessed. There was a very poor correlation in eccentric peak torque between the devices (r < 0.58), with a systematic and proportional bias toward lower torque values on the IKD (~28%) and a high typical error (~19%) in IKD and NHD measurements comparison. Furthermore, participants performed a higher total eccentric work on IKD, reached peak torques at greater knee extension angles, and showed a greater side-to-side strength difference compared to the Nordic hamstring exercise. Gastrocnemius muscle activity was lower during the Nordic hamstring exercise. Reliability was low for work on NHD and for angle of peak torque and bilateral strength ratios on either device. We conclude that the evaluation of eccentric knee flexor strength depends on the testing conditions and even under standardized procedures, the IKD and NHD measure a different trait. Both tests have limitations in terms of assessing strength differences within an individual, and measurements of the angle of peak torque or side-to-side differences in eccentric knee flexor strength revealed low reliability and should be considered with caution.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31593621

Buchecker, Michael;Müller, Erich;Birklbauer, Jürgen;Wiesinger, Hans-Peter;Stöggl, Thomas. (2019). Effects of walking with unstable footwear on pelvis-trunk coordination variability. . ():176-177.

Abstract

Sorry no Abstract available!

Wiesinger, H. P.;Kösters, A;Müller, E;Seynnes, O. R.;Herfert, J;Hecht, S;Niebauer, J;Rieder, F.. (2019). Efficiacy of heavy slow resistance training in management of patellar tendinopathy: A single blinded randomized controlled trial. . ():.

Abstract

Introduction: Heavy slow resistance (HSR) training is currently regarded as the treatment of choice for the conservative treatment of patellar tendinopathy (Malliarias et al. 2013). However, the efficacy of this type of intervention in reducing pain and restoring tendon structure and function has never been assessed against a wait-and-see tendinopathic control group. In this prospective study, we compare the effects of HSR training in patients with patellar tendinopathy to the changes measured without intervention in equally affected controls. Methods: Patients with chronic (>3 months), untreated patellar tendinopathy were randomized to 3 months of wait-and-see (WaS; 29±5 yrs; male=12; female=1) or HSR (27±6 yrs; male=11; female=3). Pre- and post-intervention testing comprised evaluations of neovascularization, tendon degeneration (hypo-echoic area and/ or anterior-posterior thickening), pain (VAS), functional limitations (VISA-P), ultrasound-based determination of mechanical and material properties and MRI-based measurement of patellar tendon cross-sectional area in vivo. Results: At baseline, anthropometric and tendon parameters did not differ between groups. During the course of the study, mean HSR training compliance was 80%. Significant group x time interactions for the VISA-P (p=.005,

Finkenzeller, T.;Pötzelsberger, B.;Kösters, A.;Wurth, S.;Amesberger, G.;Dela, F.;Müller, E.. (2019). Aging in high functioning elderly persons: study design and analyses of behavioral and psychological factors. . 29 Suppl 1():7-16.

Abstract

This article aims to (a) describe the study design of a 6-year follow-up multidisciplinary research project on aging, (b) report the psychosocial characteristics of the sample in detail, and (c) evaluate aging-related changes of health, physical activity, and psychosocial characteristics in 10 young-old (age at pre-test: M +/- SD = 63.2 +/- 1.5) and 12 old-old (age at pre-test: M +/- SD = 69 +/- 2) individuals. Both age groups consist of individuals displaying a high health status, a high extent of physical activity, high levels of psychosocial properties in the dimensions of well-being, life satisfaction, self-concept, body image, self-esteem, and self-efficacy, as well as a low general depression index. Psychosocial characteristics demonstrated a stable pattern over a period of nearly 6 years in both age groups with the exceptions of physical activity, satisfaction with children, general depression, and self-efficacy. Furthermore, physical self-concept decreased in old-old adults, whereas the young-olds showed no change. We assume that a high psychosocial status and a physically active lifestyle play an important role for mastering aging successfully in two life phases, each of which has its own challenges for older individuals. The decline in the physical self-concept of old-olds is interpreted as a first sign of subjective aging. Its association with losses in physical performance should be addressed in future studies. Finally, aging-related changes should be monitored on an individual level in order to capture the complex dynamic of aging that is not considered in analyses of between-person differences or averages.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30570174

Finkenzeller, T.;Würth, S.;Müller, E.;Amesberger, G.. (2019). Aging-related changes of cognitive performance and stress regulation in high functioning elderly individuals. . 29 Suppl 1():17-25.

Abstract

This article aims to analyse long-term changes in cognitive performance and psychophysiological stress regulation in a specific sample of 10 young-old (age at pre-test: M +/- SD = 63.2 +/- 1.5) and 12 old-old (age at pre-test: M +/- SD = 69 +/- 2) persons possessing a high psychosocial status and a physically active lifestyle. Psychophysiological parameters were recorded prior to, during, and after the administration of a cognitive performance test battery. The measurements took place three times within a 6-month period, and again 6 years later in a follow-up test. Considering practice and habituation effects, findings provide no compelling evidence of an aging-associated cognitive decline in attention, multiple choice reaction performance, and information processing speed, either in the young-olds, or in the old-olds. Furthermore, psychophysiological stress regulation showed no long-term alteration regarding skin conductance level and heart rate. Based on these findings, it is assumed that psychosocial health and physical activity might contribute to the preservation of cognitive abilities and stress regulation into the 70s. Finally, this study demonstrated the significance of considering practice and habituation effects elicited through test repetitions in order to estimate long-term effects.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30667093

Finkenzeller, Thomas;Würth, Sabine;Müller, Erich;Amesberger, Günter. (2019). Ageing‐related changes of cognitive performance and stress regulation in high functioning elderly individuals. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ():.

Abstract

Sorry no Abstract available!

Amesberger, Günter;Finkenzeller, Thomas;Müller, Erich;Würth, Sabine. (2019). Ageing‐related changes of the relationship between the physical self‐concept and the physical fitness in elderly individuals. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ():.

Abstract

Sorry no Abstract available!

Amesberger, G.;Finkenzeller, T.;Muller, E.;Wurth, S.. (2019). Aging-related changes in the relationship between the physical self-concept and the physical fitness in elderly individuals. . 29 Suppl 1():26-34.

Abstract

The paper focuses on long-term changes in parameters of self-perception (ie, physical self-concept, self-esteem, and self-efficacy), physical activity, and its relationship to physical fitness of healthy and active old adults. The sample of 22 physically active and healthy elderly (age Mt1 = 66.00) originates in an earlier skiing intervention study following a longitudinal study design with four time points of measurement over a period of 6 years. Self-reports on physical self-concept (PSK), general self-esteem and self-efficacy, and an activity index were assessed and compared to physical fitness data (VO2max and muscle strength). Significant time effects (over 6 years) were obtained with respect to global physical self-concept, endurance (PSK), and VO2max . Muscle strength turned out to be stable over time. The positive correlations between VO2max and the corresponding self-concept evaluation of endurance abilities diminished across the 6 years. Self-esteem correlated with the PSK scales and VO2max . In contrast to our expectation, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and activity level hardly predicted changes in the PSK scales, VO2max , and physical strength. Although VO2max and some parameters of the physical self-concept declined over the 6 years, results indicate that physical self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy, physical fitness, and physical activity display a complex pattern. The decrease in self-perception measured by the correlation of PSK and physical fitness suggests that self-concept of old adults is not sensitive to changes in physical fitness.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30667568

Müller, E.;Pröller, P.;Ferreira-Briza, F.;Aglas, L.;Stöggl, T.. (2019). Effectiveness of Grounded Sleeping on Recovery After Intensive Eccentric Muscle Loading. Front Physiol. 10():35.

Abstract

Purpose: We set out to investigate the effectiveness of grounded sleeping on the time course of recovery with respect to muscle soreness and athletic performance after intensive eccentric muscle loading. Methods: Twenty-two healthy participants were recruited for this study and randomly assigned to an experimental group (GRD, grounded sleeping, n = 12) or control group (UGD, sham-grounded sleeping, n = 10) to evaluate the effects of 10 days recovery with GRD vs. UGD following a single intensive downhill treadmill intervention in a triple-blinded (participant, tester, and data analyst) manner. To operationalize recovery a test battery was performed at baseline and on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 post-intervention: (1) perception of muscle soreness (VAS), (2) creatine kinase blood levels (CK), (3) maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) for both legs, (4) counter movement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) performance. Furthermore, in four participants blood was sampled for detailed analysis of complete blood counts and serum-derived inflammation markers. Results: The downhill treadmill running intervention led to distinct changes in all measured parameters related to fatigue. These changes were detectable already 5-min post intervention and were not fully recovered 10 days post intervention. GRD led to less pronounced decrease in performance (CMJ, MVIC) and less increase with respect to CK compared with UGD (all P < 0.05). Detailed blood samples demonstrated that grounded sleeping modulates the recovery process by (a) keeping a constant hemoconcentration, as represented by the number of erythrocytes, and the hemoglobin/hematocrit values; and (b) by the reduction of muscle damage-associated inflammation markers such as, IP-10, MIP-1alpha, and sP-Selectin. Conclusion: The downhill running protocol is a feasible methodology to produce long term muscle soreness and muscular fatigue. GRD was shown to result in faster recovery and/or less pronounced markers of muscle damage and inflammation. GRD might be seen as a simple methodology to enhance acute and long-term recovery after intensive eccentric exercises.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30745882;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6360250/pdf/fphys-10-00035.pdf

Wiesinger, H. P.;Gressenbauer, C.;Kösters, A.;Scharinger, M.;Müller, E.. (2019). Device and method matter: A critical evaluation of eccentric hamstring muscle strength assessments. . PhD():.

Abstract

Equivocal findings exist on isokinetic and Nordic hamstring exercise testing of eccentric hamstring strength capacity. Here, we propose a critical comparison of the mechanical output of hamstring muscles as assessed with either a dynamometer (IKD) or a Nordic hamstring device (NHD). Twenty-five volunteers (26 +/- 3 years) took part in a counterbalanced repeated-measures protocol on both devices. Eccentric peak torque, work, angle of peak torque, bilateral strength ratios, and electromyography activity of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus and gastrocnemius muscles were assessed. There was a very poor correlation in eccentric peak torque between the devices (r < 0.58), with a systematic and proportional bias toward lower torque values on the IKD (~28%) and a high typical error (~19%) in IKD and NHD measurements comparison. Furthermore, participants performed a higher total eccentric work on IKD, reached peak torques at greater knee extension angles, and showed a greater side-to-side strength difference compared to the Nordic hamstring exercise. Gastrocnemius muscle activity was lower during the Nordic hamstring exercise. Reliability was low for work on NHD and for angle of peak torque and bilateral strength ratios on either device. We conclude that the evaluation of eccentric knee flexor strength depends on the testing conditions and even under standardized procedures, the IKD and NHD measure a different trait. Both tests have limitations in terms of assessing strength differences within an individual, and measurements of the angle of peak torque or side-to-side differences in eccentric knee flexor strength revealed low reliability and should be considered with caution.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31593621

Gonaus, C.;Birklbauer, J.;Lindinger, S. J.;Stöggl, T. L.;Müller, E.. (2019). Changes Over a Decade in Anthropometry and Fitness of Elite Austrian Youth Soccer Players. Front Physiol. 10():333.

Abstract

Increases in physical (e.g., high-intensity running and sprinting), technical (e.g., passing rate), and tactical (e.g., player density) aspects made elite level soccer more challenging within the past years. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether these evolutions are also been reflected in changes in anthropometric and fitness characteristics between former (2002 to 2005) and current (2012 to 2015) elite Austrian youth development center (U13 to U14) and soccer academy (U15 to U18) players. A battery of anthropometric, general and soccer-specific fitness tests was conducted annually at the end of each year. Independent t-test and Cohen's d (ES) were calculated to compare the two four-year periods (2530 vs. 2611 players) at each age group separately. Current players were significantly faster in 20 m sprint (ES = 0.26-0.50) and reaction test (ES = 0.15-0.39, except for U18), but less flexible at sit-and-reach (ES = -0.19 to -0.55), in all age categories. Whereas height (ES = 0.26-0.32), body mass (ES = 0.11-0.18) and countermovement jump (ES = 0.24-0.26) increased significantly at youth development center level, current academy players performed superior at shuttle sprint (ES = 0.21-0.59), hurdles agility run (ES = 0.24-0.49), and endurance run (ES = 0.11-0.20). These changes over time in speed, change-of-direction ability, lower-body power, coordination, and endurance were attributed to modern training approaches (e.g., modified games and change-of-direction drills) and modifications in selection politics (e.g., coaches favor speed and decision-making skills).

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30984022

Wiesinger, H. P.;Kösters, A;Müller, E;Seynnes, O. R.;Herfert, J;Rieder, F.. (2018). Are patellar tendon properties altered in patients with chronic patellar tendinopathy? . . ():.

Abstract

Introduction The mismatch between tendon functional demand and adaptational rate often ends in chronic pathological conditions (Riley 2004). Subsequently, affected athletes continue their daily routines in pain, although the impact of this pathology on tendon mechanics remains debated. Hence, the present study aimed to compare patellar tendon stiffness and, for the first time, hysteresis (i.e. the capacity to recoil elastically stored energy) between patients suffering from patellar tendinopathy and healthy controls. Methods Ten adults with chronic (>3 months) patellar tendinopathy (25±5 yrs; male=7, female=3) were matched to ten healthy controls (29±4 yrs; male=7, female=3) in this pilot cohort comparison study. The clinical examination indicated persistent pain and palpation tenderness at the inferior pole of the patella, impaired functional performance (VISA-P≤80), ultrasonically verified tendon thickening and hypo-echoic area with some cases of neovascularization. Individual knee extension strength capacity, patellar tendon stiffness and hysteresis were obtained by combining isometric dynamometry, ultrasonography and electromyography. Results Anthropometric parameters (age, height, body mass) did not differ between groups. There were no differences in maximal voluntary isometric knee extension torque (p=.34;

Scharinger, M.;Gressenbauer, C.;Kösters, A;Müller, E;Wiesinger, H. P.. (2018). Assessment specific eccentric knee flexor strength: Is there a danger of misinterpretations?. . ():.

Abstract

Sorry no Abstract available!

Rieder, F.;Wiesinger, H. P.;Kösters, A;Müller, E;Seynnes, O. R.. (2018). Elastic energy storage and release in tendons of elite athletes. . ():.

Abstract

Sorry no Abstract available!

Gressenbauer, C.;Scharinger, M.;Kösters, A;Müller, E;Wiesinger, H. P.. (2018). Evaluation of eccentric hamstring strength assessments through isokinetic dynamometry and Nordic hamstring device.. . ():.

Abstract

Sorry no Abstract available!

Birklbauer, Jürgen;Shelembe, Franziska;Rigler, Sandra;Bothe, Kathrin;Edfelder, Janina;Wiesinger, Hans-Peter;Müller, Erich;Hödlmoser, Kerstin. (2018). Increased EEG alpha activity in a Stroop-like gross-motor task of riding an inverse steering bicycle. . 1():36.

Abstract

Relearning of highly automated movement patterns is a key aspect in everyday training not only for competitive athletes. In order to avoid falling back into an old movement routine, one has to suppress the retrieval of the previously learned and interfering motor memory traces that in turn are thought to rely on top-down, inhibitory control processes (Klimesch et al. 2007). A paradigmatic example in a cognitive setting is the Stroop task in which alpha oscillations were found to increase amplitudes in prefrontal regions as a function of the degree of interference (Hanslmayr et al. 2008). The aim of our study was to test whether oscillatory alpha activity also amplifies in a relearned gross-motor skill of riding an inverse steering bike. We tested 15 right-handed males (age: 28±7) who had become familiar with an inverse-steering bicycle such that they dare to ride the bicycle in normal road traffic. All subjects performed two different riding conditions: 10 x 30m straight-line riding and 10 x 30m slalom riding. Both conditions were executed twice with both the inverse-steering bicycle and a structurally identical but normal-steering bicycle in a randomized order. EEG data were recorded from 16 electrodes throughout all rides and a 3-min resting condition with eyes open. Riding performance was quantified by steering angle and riding time. Significant differences were found between straight-line and slalom riding

Spörri, Jörg;Kröll, Josef;Fasel, Benedikt;Aminian, Kamiar;Müller, Erich. (2018). Standing Height as a Prevention Measure for Overuse Injuries of the Back in Alpine Ski Racing: A Kinematic and Kinetic Study of Giant Slalom. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 6(1):2325967117747843.

Abstract

Background: In alpine ski racing, typical loading patterns of the back include a combined occurrence of spinal bending, torsion, and high peak loads. These factors are known to be associated with high spinal disc loading and have been suggested to be attributable to different types of spine deterioration. However, little is known about the effect of standing height (ie, the distance between the bottom of the running surface of the ski and the ski boot sole) on the aforementioned back loading patterns. Purpose: To investigate the effect of reduced standing height on the skier's overall trunk kinematics and the acting ground-reaction forces in giant slalom (GS) from an overuse injury prevention perspective. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Seven European Cup-level athletes skied a total of 224 GS turns with 2 different pairs of skis varying in standing height. Their overall trunk movement (frontal bending, lateral bending, and torsion angles) was measured based on 2 inertial measurement units located at the sacrum and sternum. Pressure insoles were used to determine the total ground-reaction force. Results: During the turn phase in which the greatest spinal disc loading is expected to occur, significantly lower total ground-reaction forces were observed for skis with a decreased standing height. Simultaneously, the skier's overall trunk movement (ie, frontal bending, lateral bending, and torsion angles) remained unwaveringly high. Conclusion: Standing height is a reasonable measure to reduce the skier's overall back loading in GS. Yet, when compared with the effects achievable by increased gate offsets in slalom, for instance, the preventative benefits of decreased standing height seem to be rather small. Clinical Relevance: To reduce the magnitude of overall back loading in GS and to prevent overuse injuries of the back, decreasing standing height might be an efficient approach. Nevertheless, the clinical relevance of the current findings, as well as the effectiveness of the measure "reduced standing height," must be verified by epidemiological studies before its preventative potential can be judged as conclusive.

Spörri, J.;Kröll, J.;Schwameder, H.;Müller, E.. (2018). The role of path length- and speed-related factors for the enhancement of section performance in alpine giant slalom. European Journal of Sport Science. ():1-9.

Abstract

Knowing how to enhance alpine skiing performance is essential for effective coaching. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of path length- and speed-related factors for performance enhancement, while skiing on a homogeneously set/constantly inclined giant slalom course section (average gate distance: 27 m; offset: 8 m; slope inclination: 26 degrees ). During a video-based three-dimensional kinematic field-experiment, the data of six athletes who skied a two-gate section on four different types of skis were collected. The performance parameter analysed was section time. The performance predictors analysed were centre of mass (CoM), path length and the change in specific mechanical energy per entrance speed along the analysed section. Furthermore, since the current study examined alpine skiing performance within short sections, the skier's entrance speed was also considered. Classified as a high-performance and a low-performance group based on section time, slow and fast trials significantly differed in CoM path length, the change in specific mechanical energy per entrance speed and entrance speed. The entrance speed of all trials analysed ranged between 15.25 and 17.66 m/s. In trials with both high and low entrance speed, the change in specific mechanical energy per entrance speed was found to be more relevant for the prediction of section time than CoM path length. However, further studies should investigate whether such a prioritization can be unrestrictedly generalized to other situations, such as entrance speeds, course sets, slope inclinations and competition disciplines different to those assessed in the current study.

Rieder, F.;Herfert, J;Lampl, K;Kösters, A;Seynnes, O. R.;Landkammer, Y;Sassmann, R;Hecht, S;Wicker, A;Müller, E;Wiesinger, H. P.. (2018). Vibration training reduces pain and functional limitations in patients with patellar tendinopathy. . ():.

Abstract

Sorry no Abstract available!

Gilgien, Matthias;Kröll, Josef;Spörri, Jörg;Crivelli, Philip;Müller, Erich. (2018). Application of dGNSS in Alpine Ski Racing: Basis for Evaluating Physical Demands and Safety. Frontiers in physiology. 9():145.

Abstract

External forces, such as ground reaction force or air drag acting on athletes' bodies in sports, determine the sport-specific demands on athletes' physical fitness. In order to establish appropriate physical conditioning regimes, which adequately prepare athletes for the loads and physical demands occurring in their sports and help reduce the risk of injury, sport-and/or discipline-specific knowledge of the external forces is needed. However, due to methodological shortcomings in biomechanical research, data comprehensively describing the external forces that occur in alpine super-G (SG) and downhill (DH) are so far lacking. Therefore, this study applied new and accurate wearable sensor-based technology to determine the external forces acting on skiers during World Cup (WC) alpine skiing competitions in the disciplines of SG and DH and to compare these with those occurring in giant slalom (GS), for which previous research knowledge exists. External forces were determined using WC forerunners carrying a differential global navigation satellite system (dGNSS). Combining the dGNSS data with a digital terrain model of the snow surface and an air drag model, the magnitudes of ground reaction forces were computed. It was found that the applied methodology may not only be used to track physical demands and loads on athletes, but also to simultaneously investigate safety aspects, such as the effectiveness of speed control through increased air drag and ski-snow friction forces in the respective disciplines. Therefore, the component of the ground reaction force in the direction of travel (ski-snow friction) and air drag force were computed. This study showed that (1) the validity of high-end dGNSS systems allows meaningful investigations such as characterization of physical demands and effectiveness of safety measures in highly dynamic sports; (2) physical demands were substantially different between GS, SG, and DH; and (3) safety-related reduction of skiing speed might be most effectively achieved by increasing the ski-snow friction force in GS and SG. For DH an increase in the ski-snow friction force might be equally as effective as an increase in air drag force.

Rhodin, Helge;Spörri, Jörg;Katircioglu, Isinsu;Constantin, Victor;Meyer, Frédéric;Müller, Erich;Salzmann, Mathieu;Fua, Pascal. (2018). Learning Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation from Multi-view Images. . (CONF):.

Abstract

Sorry no Abstract available!

Oesterhelt, V.. (2018). Das Praxissemester in Thüringen im ‚Jenaer Modell der Lehrerbildung' aus Sicht des Faches Sport. . ():173-184.

Abstract

Der Beitrag beschreibt das ‚Jenaer Modell der Lehrerbildung‘, mit dessen Einführung im Bundesland Thüringen ab dem Studienjahr 2007/2008 ein grundständiges modularisiertes Studium mit abschließendem Staatsexamen für das gymnasiale Lehramt implementiert wurde. Dargestellt wird u. a. die Struktur des integrierten, über ein Schulhalbjahr reichenden Praxissemesters im fünften oder sechsten Semester, das in seiner Verlaufsstruktur eine Verbindung aus Hospitations- und Mitwirkungspraktikum vorsieht und von einer universitären Einführungs- und Auswertungswoche sowie von wöchentlichen Begleitveranstaltungen gerahmt wird. Das ‚Jenaer Modell‘ versteht sich dabei als wissenschaftsbasierte und forschungsorientierte LehrerInnenbildungskonzeption, in der Forschendes Lernen ein konstitutives hochschuldidaktisches Element im Studienverlauf bildet. Dies kommt auch im Praxissemester für das Fach Sport, in Lehrveranstaltungen mit jeweils unterschiedlicher Akzentuierung, zum Tragen. Im Kontext der Entwicklungen der vergangenen Jahre findet der Gedanke einer wissenschaftlich fundierten, wissenschaftsorientierten sowie praxisbezogenen reflexiven LehrerInnenprofessionalisierung weitestgehend Konsens. Die Umsetzung an den verschiedenen universitären Standorten in Deutschland zeigt sich allerdings durch eine hohe strukturelle Variation geprägt. Deutlich wird dies auch anhand der sehr unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltung der in jüngerer Vergangenheit implementierten Praxissemester (vgl. u. a. Gröschner, Müller, Bauer, Seidel, Prenzel, Kauper und Möller, 2015; Weyland, 2017). Als Beispiel einer möglichen Ausgestaltung stellt der vorliegende Beitrag die Konzeption der LehrerInnenbildung für das Gymnasial- und Regelschullehramt mit integriertem Praxissemester in Thüringen dar. Für einen Vergleich der unterschiedlichen, bundeslandspezifischen hrerInnenbildungskonzeptionen wird zunächst die allgemeine Struktur des ‚Jenaer Modell der Lehrerbildung‘ in Thüringen kurz dargestellt. Anschließend folgt die Erläuterung zentraler Merkmale des Praxissemesters sowie der fachspezifischen Studienelemente für das Fach Sport, wobei sich der Blick auf den Ansatz Forschenden Lernens richtet, das als Kerngedanke einer wissenschaftsorientierten Theorie-Praxisverzahnung im ‚Jenaer Modell’ konsequent angelegt ist.

Strutzenberger, G.;Brazil, A.;Exell, T.;Wilkau, H. V. U.;Davies, J. D.;Willwacher, S.;Funken, J.;Muller, R.;Heinrich, K.;Schwameder, H.;Potthast, W.;Irwin, G.. (2018). First and Second Step Characteristics of Amputee and Able-Bodied Sprinters. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 13(7):874-881.

Abstract

Context: In sprint events, the first 2 steps are used to accelerate the center of mass horizontally and vertically. Amputee athletes cannot actively generate energy with their running-specific prosthesis. It is likely that sprint acceleration mechanics, including step asymmetry, are altered compared with able-bodied athletes. Purpose: To investigate spatiotemporal and kinetic variables of amputee compared with able-bodied sprinters. Methods: Kinematic and kinetic data of the first and second stance were collected from 15 able-bodied and 7 amputee sprinters (2 unilateral transfemoral, 4 unilateral transtibial, and 1 bilateral transtibial) with a motion-capture system (250 Hz) and 2 force plates (1000 Hz). In addition, bilateral asymmetry was quantified and compared between groups. Results: Compared with able-bodied athletes, amputee athletes demonstrated significantly lower performance values for 5- and 10-m times. Step length, step velocity, and step frequency were decreased and contact times increased. Peak horizontal force and relative change of horizontal velocity were decreased in both stances. Peak vertical force and relative change of vertical velocity were lower for the amputee than the able-bodied group during the first stance but significantly higher during the second stance. During the first stance, able-bodied and amputee sprinters displayed a similar orientation of the groundreaction-force vector, which became more vertically orientated in the amputee group during second stance. Amputee sprinters showed significantly greater asymmetry magnitudes for vertical force kinetics compared with able-bodietd athletes. Conclusion: A running-specific prosthesis does not replicate the function of the biological limb well in the early acceleration phase.

Web

<Go to ISI>://WOS:000441180500008

Pötzelsberger, B.;Kösters, A.;Finkenzeller, T.;Müller, E.. (2018). Effect of ageing on muscle- and tendon properties in highly functioning elderly people. Scand J Med Sci Sports. ():.

Abstract

This study analyzes long-term changes in muscle strength, muscle architecture and patellar tendon mechanical properties in a specific sample of physically active elderly people. Twenty-two participants were re-examined from a former 12 week long skiing intervention study: 11 from the intervention group (IG: 7 female symbol, 4 male symbol; 67 +/- 3 years) and 11 from the control group (CG: 6 female symbol, 5 male symbol; 66 +/- 4 years). Muscle architecture, strength endurance, maximum torque and tendon properties were analyzed three times within six months, and again six years later in a follow up test. No changes in either group could be observed between June 2009 and April 2015 in any parameter. This can be interpreted positively because no age-related decreases were found. Although our participants were physically active from the very beginning (> 150 min per week), it must be noted that the intensity of the physical activity was too low to provoke physiological improvements in leg strength or muscle/tendon morphology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30570175