Publikationsdatenbank

Pühringer, M.;Ring-Dimitriou, S.;Stöggl, T.;Iglseder, B.;Paulweber, B.. (2020). Comparison of visual, automatic and semiautomatic methods to determine ventilatory indices in 50 to 60 years old adults. Journal of strength and conditioning research. 38(6):692-702.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare different methods of detecting ventilatory indices (VI) and to investigate the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level on VI detection. Fifty females and fifty males completed a graded exercise test until volitional exhaustion with continuous gas-exchange measurement. The first and second ventilatory indices (VI-1, VI-2) were detected through different single automatic methods and through a semiautomatic method which combines visual and automatic detection methods. Additionally, the VIs were detected visually by two experts which served as the study specific gold standard. When comparing the semiautomatic method at VI-1 (intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) 0.88 [0.81, 0.92], Bland-Altman bias +/- limits of agreement (LoA) 55 +/- 334 ml O2 . min(-1)) and VI-2 (ICC 0.97 [0.96, 0.98], LoA 1 +/- 268 ml O2 . min(-1)) to the visually detected VI, high levels of agreements and no significant differences were found. This was not the case for any of the other automatic methods. Additionally, we couldn't find any relevant differences regarding the CRF level.We therefore concluded that the semiautomatic detection method should be used for VI detection, as results are more accurate than in any of the single-automatic methods.Abbreviations: CPET: cardiopulmonary exercise test; CRF: Cardiorespiratory fitness; VO2peak: peak oxygen uptake; VI-1: first ventilatory indices; VI-2: second ventilatory indices; LoA: Bland-Altman bias +/- limits of agreement; ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32089122;https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02640414.2020.1725993?needAccess=true

Stöggl, T.;Hertlein, M.;Brunauer, R.;Welde, B.;Andersson, E.;Swarén, M.. (2020). Pacing, exercise intensity, and technique by performance level in long-distance cross-country skiing. Frontiers in physiology. ():.

Abstract

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Martínez, Aaron;Nakazato, Kosuke;Scheiber, Peter;Snyder, Cory;Stöggl, Thomas. (2020). Comparison of the Turn Switch Time Points Measured by Portable Force Platforms and Pressure Insoles. . 2():2.

Abstract

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Lindorfer, J.;Kröll, J.;Schwameder, H.. (2020). Familiarisation of novice and experienced treadmill users during a running session: Group specific evidence, time and individual patterns. . 69():102530.

Abstract

The elimination of familiarisation effects is a recurring topic in biomechanical testing during treadmill running among different experience levels. The two aims of this study were (i) to calculate familiarisation times of novice and experienced treadmill runners on a group level and (ii) to examine individual familiarisation patterns in order to classify those with similar characteristics. Twenty runners participated in this study by performing a treadmill running session with 3D motion capture. Familiarisation times for 9 kinematic variables among both groups (novices and experienced treadmill runners) were statistically analysed. Additionally a qualitative clustering process (supported by quantitative criteria) provided individual familiarisation patterns for all participants and variables. Group mean familiarisation times were inconsistent across variables (ranging from 3 to 14min), with no general tendency for decreased familiarisation time in experienced compared to novice treadmill runners. The analysis of individual familiarisation patterns revealed that 30.5% were not stable after 15min. Substantial changes compared to the initial state were observed in data sets with detected familiarisation pattern. Treadmill running experience does not affect familiarisation patterns since this process is highly individual and variable-specific. Consequently, no generalised familiarisation time can be provided and the elimination of familiarisation in biomechanical testing a priori does not seem to be possible in the first 15min for approximately one third of the individual patterns studied. In conclusion, the common practice of collecting data subsequent to a pre-defined generalised familiarisation time ought to be replaced by measurements at several points in time during trials. This required procedure would allow for checking familiarisation patterns and fluctuations in order to exclude inappropriate data sets in future treadmill studies.

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31739233

Born, D. P.;Stöggl, T.;Petrov, A.;Burkhardt, D.;Luthy, F.;Romann, M.. (2020). Analysis of Freestyle Swimming Sprint Start Performance After Maximal Strength or Vertical Jump Training in Competitive Female and Male Junior Swimmers. . 34(2):323-331.

Abstract

Born, DP, Stoggl, T, Petrov, A, Burkhardt, D, Luthy, F, and Romann, M. Analysis of freestyle swimming sprint start performance after maximal strength or vertical jump training in competitive female and male junior swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 323-331, 2020-To investigate the freestyle swimming sprint start performance before and after 6 weeks of maximal strength compared with vertical jump training. With a between-group repeated-measure design, 21 junior swimmers (12 female and 9 male) competing in national and international championships performed 2 weekly sessions of either maximal strength (heavy-loaded back squat and deadlift exercise) or vertical jump training (unloaded box jumps) for 6 weeks during the precompetition phase of the seasonal main event. Session ratings of perceived exertion were used to compare the load of both training programs. Before and after the training period, sprint start performance was investigated on a starting block equipped with force plates synchronized to a 2-dimensional motion capture system. Total training load did not differ between the 2 groups. Sprint start performance and most kinematic and kinetic parameters remained unaffected. In pooled data of the U17 swimmers, however, 5-m, 15-m, and 25-m split times were improved with maximal strength (p = 0.02, 0.03, and 0.01), but not with vertical jump training (p = 0.12, 0.16, and 0.28). Although there was no global effect, focus on the subgroup of U17 swimmers showed an improved sprint start performance with 2 sessions of maximal strength training integrated into a 16-hour training week. Although outcomes of the conditioning program seemed to be affected by the training history and performance level of the athletes involved, strength and conditioning coaches are encouraged to introduce maximal strength training at a young age.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31985714

Niebauer, Josef;Müller, Edith E;Schönfelder, Martin;Schwarzl, Christoph;Mayr, Barbara;Stöggl, Julia;Stöggl, Thomas. (2020). Acute Effects of Winter Sports and Indoor Cycling on Arterial Stiffness. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 19(3):460-468.

Abstract

Sorry no Abstract available!

Fusco, Andrea;Giancotti, Giuseppe Francesco;Fuchs, Philip X.;Wagner, Herbert;da Silva, Rubens A.;Cortis, Cristina. (2020). Y balance test - Are we doing it right?. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 23(2):194-199.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The multifaceted characteristic and task-specificity of postural control clearly reflects the need of knowing which factors could influence the balance measures in order to provide reliable and unbiased information. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of selected anthropometric characteristics, sex, lower limb's strength and dominance on the Y balance test (YBT).DESIGN: Descriptive laboratory study.METHODS: Forty-two young adults performed the YBT. The raw and normalized reach distances values were recorded. ANOVA was used to examine differences between sex and limb dominance, whereas multiple linear regression models were built to identify variables associated with better postural control.RESULTS: No significant sex differences were observed, except for the normalized anterior direction (p=0.0324). No significant differences between limbs emerged. Regression models significantly explained between 8-49% of the variance. Trunk length, strength, and the interaction between sex with strength were the major predictors of the raw measures. Unexpectedly, lower limb length explained only 0.08% of the raw anterior direction variance. Strength and its interaction with sex were positively associated with normalized measures. Surprisingly, the relative lower limb length variable was negatively associated with the normalized measures. Each % point increase in relative lower limb length was associated with a decrease in normalized performance ranging from 1.73 to 4.91%.CONCLUSIONS: Anthropometric characteristics, sex and lower limb strength differently influenced the YBT measures, regardless of limb dominance. Consequently, these variables should be controlled to limit the variability for an accurate evaluation of postural balance, especially if different YBT measures are used.

Hajek, Florian;Keller, Martin;Taube, Wolfgang;von Duvillard, Serge P.;Bell, Jeffrey W.;Wagner, Herbert. (2020). Testing-Specific Skating Performance in Ice Hockey. . ():.

Abstract

Hajek, F, Keller, M, Taube, W, von Duvillard, SP, Bell, JW, and Wagner, H. Testing-specific skating performance in ice hockey. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Skating performance generally determines overall performance in ice hockey but has not been measured adequately in the past. Consequently, the aim of the study was to develop and validate a specific overall skating performance test for ice hockey (SOSPT) that includes similar movements and intensities as in competition. Ten male elite under-14-year and under-18-year old ice hockey players performed the SOSPT (2 heats only) and a 40-m on-ice sprinting test twice within 8 days. Additionally, 14 under-15, 18 under-17, and 20 under-20 male elite ice hockey players performed only the SOSPT (4 heats). Time was measured from the first subject's movement during a V-start until crossing the line (40-m on-ice sprinting test), first touch of the shoulder on the mat (heat #1 in the SOSPT) or first touch of the puck with the stick (heat #2 in the SOSPT) using a hand stopwatch. We found a high test-retest reliability of the SOSPT and 40-m on-ice sprinting test (interclass correlation coefficient, >0.7; coefficient of variation, <5%) with highly significant differences (p < 0.001) between the under-15, under-17, and under-20 players, a high correlation (r > 0.70) between an expert rating and the SOSPT, and a low correlation between the 40-m on-ice sprinting test and the SOSPT in the under-14 and under-18 players. The results of the study reveal that the SOSPT is a reliable and valid test to determine the specific overall skating performance in ice hockey players and is more suitable compared with straight skating tests of the 40-m on-ice sprinting test.

Wagner, Herbert;Fuchs, Patrick;Michalsik, Lars B.. (2020). On‐court game‐based testing in world‐class, top‐elite, and elite adult female team handball players. Translational Sports Medicine. 3(3):263-270.

Abstract

The on‐court physical performance knowledge of adult female world‐class players in team handball is lacking, especially when testing specific physical performance on‐court under similar conditions as in competition. Consequently, the aims of the study were to analyze team handball on‐court physical performance in elite, top‐elite, and world‐class female team handball players by using team handball specific testing. Ten elite, eleven top‐elite, and eleven world‐class adult female players performed a team handball game‐based performance test. We measured oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, ball velocity, and jump height in the jump shots as well as running time (in offense, defense, fast break, and retreat). Significant differences were found in peak oxygen uptake, heart rate, ball velocity, defense, offense, and fast‐break time between world‐class, top‐elite, and elite players. During breaks, between the high‐intensity movements in the game‐based performance test, a world‐class player had greater increase in oxygen uptake compared with an elite player. The results of the present study clearly indicated the importance of specific agility both in offense and defense, in throwing velocity in the jump shot as well as in aerobic performance to become a world‐class adult female team handball player.

Wiesinger, H. P.;Gressenbauer, C.;Kosters, A.;Scharinger, M.;Muller, E.. (2019). Device and method matter: A critical evaluation of eccentric hamstring muscle strength assessments. Scand J Med Sci Sports. ():.

Abstract

Equivocal findings exist on isokinetic and Nordic hamstring exercise testing of eccentric hamstring strength capacity. Here, we propose a critical comparison of the mechanical output of hamstring muscles as assessed with either a dynamometer (IKD) or a Nordic hamstring device (NHD). Twenty-five volunteers (26 +/- 3 years) took part in a counterbalanced repeated-measures protocol on both devices. Eccentric peak torque, work, angle of peak torque, bilateral strength ratios, and electromyography activity of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus and gastrocnemius muscles were assessed. There was a very poor correlation in eccentric peak torque between the devices (r < 0.58), with a systematic and proportional bias toward lower torque values on the IKD (~28%) and a high typical error (~19%) in IKD and NHD measurements comparison. Furthermore, participants performed a higher total eccentric work on IKD, reached peak torques at greater knee extension angles, and showed a greater side-to-side strength difference compared to the Nordic hamstring exercise. Gastrocnemius muscle activity was lower during the Nordic hamstring exercise. Reliability was low for work on NHD and for angle of peak torque and bilateral strength ratios on either device. We conclude that the evaluation of eccentric knee flexor strength depends on the testing conditions and even under standardized procedures, the IKD and NHD measure a different trait. Both tests have limitations in terms of assessing strength differences within an individual, and measurements of the angle of peak torque or side-to-side differences in eccentric knee flexor strength revealed low reliability and should be considered with caution.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31593621

Lindorfer, J.;Kröll, J.;Schwameder, H.. (2019). Does enhanced footwear comfort affect oxygen consumption and running biomechanics?. . Doctoral():1-9.

Abstract

Comfort as an essential parameter for running footwear is gaining importance in footwear research and development, and has also been proposed to decrease injury rate and improve metabolic demand in the paradigm of the comfort filter. The aims of this study were to determine differences in oxygen consumption and biomechanical variables associated with lower extremity injuries in response to running shoes of differing comfort. Fifteen male runners attended two testing sessions including an incremental lactate threshold test, a comfort assessment and treadmill running trials for the biomechanical and physiological measurements. Statistical analyses were performed on oxygen consumption, spatio-temporal variables including foot-ground angle and coupling angle variability of 12 couplings in five stride phases. No decrease in oxygen consumption was found in the most preferred shoe condition. Investigation of potential biomechanical contributors to changes in metabolic demands revealed differences in the stride rate between the most and least preferred condition. In coupling angle variability analyses, only one coupling (ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion to knee varus/valgus) yielded a significant difference between conditions in the phase including the touch down. Based on the findings of this study, previous suggestions regarding positive effects of enhanced footwear comfort during running cannot be supported - neither on economy nor on injury prevention perspective. However, a prospective study of lower extremity injury combined with measurements of biomechanical and physiological variables seems to be required for a definite support or contradiction of the comfort filter.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31282808

Buchecker, Michael;Müller, Erich;Birklbauer, Jürgen;Wiesinger, Hans-Peter;Stöggl, Thomas. (2019). Effects of walking with unstable footwear on pelvis-trunk coordination variability. . ():176-177.

Abstract

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Wiesinger, H. P.;Kösters, A;Müller, E;Seynnes, O. R.;Herfert, J;Hecht, S;Niebauer, J;Rieder, F.. (2019). Efficiacy of heavy slow resistance training in management of patellar tendinopathy: A single blinded randomized controlled trial. . ():.

Abstract

Introduction: Heavy slow resistance (HSR) training is currently regarded as the treatment of choice for the conservative treatment of patellar tendinopathy (Malliarias et al. 2013). However, the efficacy of this type of intervention in reducing pain and restoring tendon structure and function has never been assessed against a wait-and-see tendinopathic control group. In this prospective study, we compare the effects of HSR training in patients with patellar tendinopathy to the changes measured without intervention in equally affected controls. Methods: Patients with chronic (>3 months), untreated patellar tendinopathy were randomized to 3 months of wait-and-see (WaS; 29±5 yrs; male=12; female=1) or HSR (27±6 yrs; male=11; female=3). Pre- and post-intervention testing comprised evaluations of neovascularization, tendon degeneration (hypo-echoic area and/ or anterior-posterior thickening), pain (VAS), functional limitations (VISA-P), ultrasound-based determination of mechanical and material properties and MRI-based measurement of patellar tendon cross-sectional area in vivo. Results: At baseline, anthropometric and tendon parameters did not differ between groups. During the course of the study, mean HSR training compliance was 80%. Significant group x time interactions for the VISA-P (p=.005,

Bothe, K.;Hirschauer, F.;Wiesinger, H. P.;Edfelder, J. M.;Gruber, G.;Hödlmoser, K.;Birklbauer, J.. (2019). Gross motor adaptation benefits from sleep after training. Journal of sleep research. ():e12961.

Abstract

Sleep has been shown to facilitate the consolidation of newly acquired motor memories. However, the role of sleep in gross motor learning, especially in motor adaptation, is less clear. Thus, we investigated the effects of nocturnal sleep on the performance of a gross motor adaptation task, i.e. riding an inverse steering bicycle. Twenty-six male participants (M = 24.19, SD = 3.70 years) were randomly assigned to a PM-AM-PM (n = 13) or an AM-PM-AM (n = 13) group, i.e. they trained in the evening/morning and were re-tested the next morning/evening and the following evening/morning (PM-AM-PM/AM-PM-AM group) so that every participant spent one sleep as well as one wake interval between the three test sessions. Inverse cycling performance was assessed by speed (riding time) and accuracy (standard deviation of steering angle) measures. Behavioural results showed that in the PM-AM-PM group a night of sleep right after training stabilized performance (accuracy and speed) and was further improved over the subsequent wake interval. In the AM-PM-AM group, a significant performance deterioration after the initial wake interval was followed by the restoration of subjects' performance levels from right after training when a full night of sleep was granted. Regarding sleep, right hemispheric fast N2 sleep spindle activity was related to better stabilization of inverse cycling skills, thus possibly reflecting the ongoing process of updating the participants' mental model from "how to ride a bicycle" to "how to ride an inverse steering bicycle". Our results demonstrate that sleep facilitates the consolidation of gross motor adaptation, thus adding further insights to the role of sleep for tasks with real-life relevance.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31868978

Bothe, K.;Hirschauer, F.;Wiesinger, H. P.;Edfelder, J.;Gruber, G.;Birklbauer, J.;Hödlmoser, K.. (2019). The impact of sleep on complex gross-motor adaptation in adolescents. Journal of sleep research. 28(4):e12797.

Abstract

Sleep has been shown to facilitate the consolidation of newly acquired motor memories in adults. However, the role of sleep in motor memory consolidation is less clear in children and adolescents, especially concerning real-life gross-motor skills. Therefore, we investigated the effects of sleep and wakefulness on a complex gross-motor adaptation task by using a bicycle with an inverse steering device. A total of 29 healthy adolescents aged between 11 and 14 years (five female) were either trained to ride an inverse steering bicycle (learning condition) or a stationary bicycle (control condition). Training took place in the morning (wake, n = 14) or in the evening (sleep, n = 15) followed by a 9-hr retention interval and a subsequent re-test session. Slalom cycling performance was assessed by speed (riding time) and accuracy (standard deviation of steering angle) measures. Behavioural results showed no evidence for sleep-dependent memory consolidation. However, overnight gains in accuracy were associated with an increase in left hemispheric N2 slow sleep spindle activity from control to learning night. Furthermore, decreases in REM and tonic REM duration were related to higher overnight improvements in accuracy. Regarding speed, an increase in REM and tonic REM duration was favourable for higher overnight gains in riding time. Thus, although not yet detectable on a behavioural level, sleep seemed to play a role in the acquisition of gross-motor skills. A promising direction for future research is to focus on the possibility of delayed performance gains in adolescent populations.

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30565337

Wiesinger, H. P.. (2019). Makroskopische Sehnenanpassung and mechanische Belastungen. Strukturelle Integrität und Funktion. . ():.

Abstract

Sorry no Abstract available!

Finkenzeller, T.;Pötzelsberger, B.;Kösters, A.;Wurth, S.;Amesberger, G.;Dela, F.;Müller, E.. (2019). Aging in high functioning elderly persons: study design and analyses of behavioral and psychological factors. . 29 Suppl 1():7-16.

Abstract

This article aims to (a) describe the study design of a 6-year follow-up multidisciplinary research project on aging, (b) report the psychosocial characteristics of the sample in detail, and (c) evaluate aging-related changes of health, physical activity, and psychosocial characteristics in 10 young-old (age at pre-test: M +/- SD = 63.2 +/- 1.5) and 12 old-old (age at pre-test: M +/- SD = 69 +/- 2) individuals. Both age groups consist of individuals displaying a high health status, a high extent of physical activity, high levels of psychosocial properties in the dimensions of well-being, life satisfaction, self-concept, body image, self-esteem, and self-efficacy, as well as a low general depression index. Psychosocial characteristics demonstrated a stable pattern over a period of nearly 6 years in both age groups with the exceptions of physical activity, satisfaction with children, general depression, and self-efficacy. Furthermore, physical self-concept decreased in old-old adults, whereas the young-olds showed no change. We assume that a high psychosocial status and a physically active lifestyle play an important role for mastering aging successfully in two life phases, each of which has its own challenges for older individuals. The decline in the physical self-concept of old-olds is interpreted as a first sign of subjective aging. Its association with losses in physical performance should be addressed in future studies. Finally, aging-related changes should be monitored on an individual level in order to capture the complex dynamic of aging that is not considered in analyses of between-person differences or averages.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30570174

Finkenzeller, T.;Würth, S.;Doppelmayr, M.;Amesberger, G.. (2019). Temporal Dynamics of Varying Physical Loads on Speed and Accuracy of Cognitive Control. . 41(4):206-214.

Abstract

The present study examined the effect of 4 physical-load conditions on interference control throughout a period of 45 min. A sample of 52 sport students was assigned to either a no, a low, an alternating low to moderate, or a moderate physical-load condition. A modified Eriksen-flanker task was administered in the preexercise period, 7 times during the exercise, and twice after completing the exercise. Significant interaction effects of time and condition, and significant time effects within condition on the reaction time of congruent stimuli and errors on incongruent stimuli, suggest a specific in-task effect of the alternating low to moderate and moderate physical-load conditions. Thus, it was concluded that moderate physiological arousal influences interference control by an increase of information-processing speed in tasks that require less cognitive control (congruent condition), which is at the expense of accuracy in cognitively more demanding tasks (incongruent condition).

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31427542

Finkenzeller, T.;Würth, S.;Müller, E.;Amesberger, G.. (2019). Aging-related changes of cognitive performance and stress regulation in high functioning elderly individuals. . 29 Suppl 1():17-25.

Abstract

This article aims to analyse long-term changes in cognitive performance and psychophysiological stress regulation in a specific sample of 10 young-old (age at pre-test: M +/- SD = 63.2 +/- 1.5) and 12 old-old (age at pre-test: M +/- SD = 69 +/- 2) persons possessing a high psychosocial status and a physically active lifestyle. Psychophysiological parameters were recorded prior to, during, and after the administration of a cognitive performance test battery. The measurements took place three times within a 6-month period, and again 6 years later in a follow-up test. Considering practice and habituation effects, findings provide no compelling evidence of an aging-associated cognitive decline in attention, multiple choice reaction performance, and information processing speed, either in the young-olds, or in the old-olds. Furthermore, psychophysiological stress regulation showed no long-term alteration regarding skin conductance level and heart rate. Based on these findings, it is assumed that psychosocial health and physical activity might contribute to the preservation of cognitive abilities and stress regulation into the 70s. Finally, this study demonstrated the significance of considering practice and habituation effects elicited through test repetitions in order to estimate long-term effects.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30667093

Trinler, U.;Schwameder, H.;Baker, R.;Alexander, N.. (2019). Muscle force estimation in clinical gait analysis using AnyBody and OpenSim. . 86():55-63.

Abstract

A variety of musculoskeletal models are applied in different modelling environments for estimating muscle forces during gait. Influence of different modelling assumptions and approaches on model outputs are still not fully understood, while direct comparisons of standard approaches have been rarely undertaken. This study seeks to compare joint kinematics, joint kinetics and estimated muscle forces of two standard approaches offered in two different modelling environments (AnyBody, OpenSim). It is hypothesised that distinctive differences exist for individual muscles, while summing up synergists show general agreement. Experimental data of 10 healthy participants (28+/-5years, 1.72+/-0.08m, 69+/-12kg) was used for a standard static optimisation muscle force estimation routine in AnyBody and OpenSim while using two gait-specific musculoskeletal models. Statistical parameter mapping paired t-test was used to compare joint angle, moment and muscle force waveforms in Matlab. Results showed differences especially in sagittal ankle and hip angles as well as sagittal knee moments. Differences were also found for some of the muscles, especially of the triceps surae group and the biceps femoris short head, which occur as a result of different anthropometric and anatomical definitions (mass and inertia of segments, muscle properties) and scaling procedures (static vs. dynamic). Understanding these differences and their cause is crucial to operate such modelling environments in a clinical setting. Future research should focus on alternatives to classical generic musculoskeletal models (e.g. implementation of functional calibration tasks), while using experimental data reflecting normal and pathological gait to gain a better understanding of variations and divergent behaviour between approaches.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30739769

Takeda, M.;Miyamoto, N.;Endo, T.;Ohtonen, O.;Lindinger, S.;Linnamo, V.;Stöggl, T.. (2019). Cross-Country Skiing Analysis and Ski Technique Detection by High-Precision Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System. . 19(22):.

Abstract

Cross-country skiing (XCS) embraces a broad variety of techniques applied like a gear system according to external conditions, slope topography, and skier-related factors. The continuous detection of applied skiing techniques and cycle characteristics by application of unobtrusive sensor technology can provide useful information to enhance the quality of training and competition. (1) Background: We evaluated the possibility of using a high-precision kinematic global navigation satellite system (GNSS) to detect cross-country skiing classical style technique. (2) Methods: A world-class male XC skier was analyzed during a classical style 5.3-km time trial recorded with a high-precision kinematic GNSS attached to the skier's head. A video camera was mounted on the lumbar region of the skier to detect the type and number of cycles of each technique used during the entire time trial. Based on the GNSS trajectory, distinct patterns of head displacement (up-down head motion) for each classical technique (e.g., diagonal stride (DIA), double poling (DP), kick double poling (KDP), herringbone (HB), and downhill) were defined. The applied skiing technique, skiing duration, skiing distance, skiing speed, and cycle time within a technique and the number of cycles were visually analyzed using both the GNSS signal and the video data by independent persons. Distinct patterns for each technique were counted by two methods: Head displacement with course inclination and without course inclination (net up-down head motion). (3) Results: Within the time trial, 49.6% (6 min, 46 s) was DP, 18.7% (2 min, 33 s) DIA, 6.1% (50 s) KDP, 3.3% (27 s) HB, and 22.3% (3 min, 03 s) downhill with respect to total skiing time (13 min, 09 s). The %Match for both methods 1 and 2 (net head motion) was high: 99.2% and 102.4%, respectively, for DP; 101.7% and 95.9%, respectively, for DIA; 89.4% and 100.0%, respectively, for KDP; 86.0% and 96.5%, respectively, in HB; and 98.6% and 99.6%, respectively, in total. (4) Conclusions: Based on the results of our study, it is suggested that a high-precision kinematic GNSS can be applied for precise detection of the type of technique, and the number of cycles used, duration, skiing speed, skiing distance, and cycle time for each technique, during a classical style XCS race.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31766257

Fritz, Julian;Brunauer, Richard;Snyder, Cory;Kröll, Josef;Stöggl, Thomas;Schwameder, Hermann. (2019). Foot strike angle calculation during running based on in-shoe pressure measurements. . 11(sup1):S147-S149.

Abstract

Sorry no Abstract available!

Jonsson, M.;Welde, B.;Stöggl, T. L.. (2019). Biomechanical differences in double poling between sexes and level of performance during a classical cross-country skiing competition. Journal of Sports Science. ():1-9.

Abstract

Biomechanical differences in double poling (DP) between sex and performance level were investigated in female and male cross-country skiers during a classical race (10/15 km). Skiers were divided into faster and slower on basis of race performance: females faster (n=20), females slower (n=20), males faster (n=20), and males slower (n=20). Based on video analysis while DP in a flat section of the track, joint and pole angles at pole plant (PP) and pole-off, cycle characteristics and the use and coordination pattern of heel-raise (raise of heels from the ground to have a higher body position at PP) were analysed. Faster females and males had 4.3% and 7.8% higher DP velocity than their slower counterparts (both P<0.001). Faster males had 6.5% longer cycles than slower males (P<0.001). Faster skiers stopped heel-raise later than slower skiers (females: 2.0+/-3.4% vs. -1.0+/-3.5%, P<0.05; males: 3.9+/-2.4% vs. 0.8+/-3.2% of cycle time in relation to PP, P<0.001). At PP, faster skiers and male skiers had a smaller pole angle and greater ankle to hip and ankle to shoulder angle with respect to vertical, resulting in a more distinct forward body lean. However, the majority of the differences are likely due to higher DP velocity.

Web

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30747038

Finkenzeller, Thomas;Würth, Sabine;Müller, Erich;Amesberger, Günter. (2019). Ageing‐related changes of cognitive performance and stress regulation in high functioning elderly individuals. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ():.

Abstract

Sorry no Abstract available!

Amesberger, Günter;Finkenzeller, Thomas;Müller, Erich;Würth, Sabine. (2019). Ageing‐related changes of the relationship between the physical self‐concept and the physical fitness in elderly individuals. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ():.

Abstract

Sorry no Abstract available!